> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://man.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://man.bsdcn.org/man1/builtin.1.md).

# builtin(1)

`builtin` — FreeBSD shell 内建命令索引

## 名称

`builtin`, `keybinds`

## 概要

`参见你所使用的 shell 手册以了解操作详情。`

## 描述

本页面提供 [csh(1)](/man1/csh.1.md) 和 [sh(1)](/man1/sh.1.md)（构成 BSD 用户环境的命令行解释器）所提供的 `builtin` 命令、关键字和键盘绑定的索引。

### 命令

下表列出了 `builtin` 命令和关键字、它们是否作为独立实用程序存在，以及提供它们的标准 shell。

| *Command*    | *Standalone* | [csh(1)](/man1/csh.1.md) | [sh(1)](/man1/sh.1.md) |
| ------------ | ------------ | ------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| `!`          | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `%`          | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `.`          | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `:`          | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `@`          | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `[`          | Yes          | No                       | Yes                    |
| `{`          | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `}`          | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `alias`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `alloc`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `bg`         | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `bind`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `bindkey`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `break`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `breaksw`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `builtin`    | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `builtins`   | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `case`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `cd`         | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `chdir`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `command`    | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `complete`   | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `continue`   | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `default`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `dirs`       | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `do`         | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `done`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `echo`       | Yes          | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `echotc`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `elif`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `else`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `end`        | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `endif`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `endsw`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `esac`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `eval`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `exec`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `exit`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `export`     | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `false`      | Yes          | No                       | Yes                    |
| `fc`         | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `fg`         | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `fi`         | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `filetest`   | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `for`        | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `foreach`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `getopts`    | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `glob`       | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `goto`       | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `hash`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `hashstat`   | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `history`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `hup`        | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `if`         | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `jobid`      | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `jobs`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `kill`       | Yes          | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `limit`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `local`      | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `log`        | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `login`      | Yes          | Yes                      | No                     |
| `logout`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `ls-F`       | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `nice`       | Yes          | Yes                      | No                     |
| `nohup`      | Yes          | Yes                      | No                     |
| `notify`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `onintr`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `popd`       | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `printenv`   | Yes          | Yes                      | No                     |
| `printf`     | Yes          | No                       | Yes                    |
| `pushd`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `pwd`        | Yes          | No                       | Yes                    |
| `read`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `readonly`   | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `rehash`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `repeat`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `return`     | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `sched`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `set`        | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `setenv`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `settc`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `setty`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `setvar`     | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `shift`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `source`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `stop`       | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `suspend`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `switch`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `telltc`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `test`       | Yes          | No                       | Yes                    |
| `then`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `time`       | Yes          | Yes                      | No                     |
| `times`      | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `trap`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `true`       | Yes          | No                       | Yes                    |
| `type`       | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `ulimit`     | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `umask`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `unalias`    | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `uncomplete` | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `unhash`     | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `unlimit`    | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `unset`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `unsetenv`   | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `until`      | No           | No                       | Yes                    |
| `wait`       | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |
| `where`      | No           | Yes                      | No                     |
| `which`      | Yes          | Yes                      | No                     |
| `while`      | No           | Yes                      | Yes                    |

### 键盘绑定

命令行环境还提供以下默认键盘绑定：

| *Signal*                  | [csh(1)](/man1/csh.1.md) | [sh(1)](/man1/sh.1.md) |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| `Backspace`               | ^H                       | ^H                     |
| `Carriage Return`         | ^M \| ^J                 | ^M \| ^J               |
| `Tab`                     | ^I                       | ^I                     |
| `Beginning of Line`       | ^A                       | ^A                     |
| `End of Line`             | ^E                       | ^E                     |
| `Cursor Forward`          | ^F                       | ^F                     |
| `Cursor Backward`         | ^B                       | ^B                     |
| `Clear Screen`            | ^L                       | ^L                     |
| `Cut Line`                | ^U                       | ^U                     |
| `Cut Word Backwards`      | ^W                       | ^W                     |
| `Cut Rest of Line`        | ^K                       | ^K                     |
| `Paste Last Cut`          | ^Y                       | ^Y                     |
| `Typo`                    | ^T                       | ^T                     |
| End of File (`EOF` )      | ^D                       | ^D                     |
| Interupt (`SIGINT` )      | ^C                       | ^C                     |
| Process info (`SIGINFO` ) | ^T                       | ^T                     |
| `Search History`          | No                       | ^R                     |
| `Exit Search History`     | No                       | ^G                     |
| `Previous Command`        | ^P                       | ^P                     |
| `Next Command`            | ^N                       | ^N                     |
| `Print Next Character`    | ^V                       | ^V                     |
| `Pause Job`               | ^S                       | ^S                     |
| `Resume Job`              | ^Q                       | ^Q                     |
| Suspend Job `(SIGTSTP)`   | ^Z                       | ^Z                     |
| `Scrollback Mode`         | ScrLk\*                  | ScrLk\*                |

\*: 标记 `*` 的绑定由控制台驱动 [vt(4)](/man4/vt.4.md) 提供。

## 参见

[csh(1)](/man1/csh.1.md), echo(1), false(1), [kill(1)](/man1/kill.1.md), [login(1)](/man1/login.1.md), [nice(1)](/man1/nice.1.md), nohup(1), [printenv(1)](/man1/printenv.1.md), printf(1), [pwd(1)](/man1/pwd.1.md), [sh(1)](/man1/sh.1.md), [test(1)](/man1/test.1.md), [time(1)](/man1/time.1.md), true(1), [which(1)](/man1/which.1.md)

## 历史

`builtin` 手册页首次出现于 FreeBSD 3.4。

## 作者

本手册页由 Alexander Ziaee <ziaee@FreeBSD.org> 基于 Sheldon Hearn <sheldonh@FreeBSD.org> 的早期版本编写。

## 注意事项

虽然 `builtin` 命令可能存在于多个 shell 或独立实用程序中，但各自的实现可能不同。

独立实用程序及其手册必须从具有同名 `builtin` 命令的 shell 中通过路径调用。